ใ ใฉใดใณ ใใผใ 
่ณ๐ใฎ็บใซใงใใใใจใใใใฏใขใใ๐ใใฎ58
็กๆ่ญใจ่ช็ฅๆฉ่ฝ
ใๅๆใซใปใปใป๏ผใ
ใ็กๆ่ญใใคใใ๏ผใ
ใ่ช็ฅๆฉ่ฝใจ็กๆ่ญใปใปใปใ
ใ้ขไฟใชใ๏ผ๏ผ่ช็ฅๆฉ่ฝ๏ผใ
ใ็กๆ่ญใจ่ช็ฅๆฉ่ฝ๏ผ๏ผใกใใฃใจ่ชฟในใฆใฟใใ๏ผ๏ผใ
็กๆ่ญใซ้ธๆ?
ๆใ ใฏๆฐใใคใใชใใใกใซ่ฆ่ฆๅ ด้ขใฎๆ ๅ ฑใๅญฆ็ฟใใฆใใพใใ
ๆฅๅธธ็ๆดปใงๆใใใๅใใฎใใใชใใฎใใใชใใใใใใชใใใใฉไธๆใซใชใฃใๆ่ฝใใชใใจใชใใใๆนใใใใใจใใๆ่ฆใซใฏใๅคใใๅฐใชใใ็กๆ่ญใฎๅญฆ็ฟใ้ขใใฃใฆใใพใใ
ใใจใใฐใใฒใผใ ใใใฆใใใจใใซใใใใใฏใใใใใฐใใพใใใใ ใใใใจใใๅใๅใใใจใใใใจๆใใพใใ
ใใใฏใใใใ่ฆ่ฆๅ ด้ขใฎๆ ๅ ฑใ่กๅใฎใฟใคใใณใฐใชใฉใ็ฅใใ็ฅใใใฎใใกใซๅญฆ็ฟใใฆใใใใใงใใใจ่ใใใใพใใ
ใใฎใใใช็กๆ่ญใฎๅญฆ็ฟใๆฝๅจๅญฆ็ฟใจใใณใพใใ
ๆฝๅจๅญฆ็ฟ๏ผ๏ผ
ใใจใใฐใใใใใใใLๆๅญใฎใชใใซใฒใจใคใ ใใใTๆๅญใๆขใใฆใ่ฆใคใใใ ใใญใผใๆผใใจใใใใใช่ชฒ้กใ่กใใพใใ๏ผใใณใใณใธใผใฎ็ ็ฉถใงๆๅใงใ๏ผ
Task-relevant information is prioritized in spatiotemporal contextual cueing
Yoko Higuchi 1, Yoshiyuki Ueda 2, Hirokazu Ogawa 3, Jun Saiki 4
Affiliations expand
PMID: 27566325 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-016-1198-0
Abstract
Implicit learning of visual contexts facilitates search performance-a phenomenon known as contextual cueing; however, little is known about contextual cueing under situations in which multidimensional regularities exist simultaneously. In everyday vision, different information, such as object identity and location, appears simultaneously and interacts with each other. We tested the hypothesis that, in contextual cueing, when multiple regularities are present, the regularities that are most relevant to our behavioral goals would be prioritized. Previous studies of contextual cueing have commonly used the visual search paradigm. However, this paradigm is not suitable for directing participants' attention to a particular regularity. Therefore, we developed a new paradigm, the "spatiotemporal contextual cueing paradigm," and manipulated task-relevant and task-irrelevant regularities. In four experiments, we demonstrated that task-relevant regularities were more responsible for search facilitation than task-irrelevant regularities. This finding suggests our visual behavior is focused on regularities that are relevant to our current goal.
ใใใฏ็กๆ่ญใซๆ
ๅ ฑใๅๆจ้ธๆใใฆใใ
ใๆฝๅจๅญฆ็ฟใ่ชฒ้กใซๅทฆๅณใใใใใใจใ็คบใใๆฌ็ ็ฉถใฏใใใใฎๆฝๅจๅญฆ็ฟ้็จใ็งใใกใฎ่กๅใใใฎ็ฎ็ใฎๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใใฆใใใใจใ็คบๅใใพใใ
็กๆ่ญใงใใใซใใใใใใใใใใฏๆๅคใจๆ
ๅ ฑใๅๆจ้ธๆใใฆใใใจใใใใจใซใใฎๅฎ้จ็ตๆใฎ้ฉใใใใใใใฎ็บ่ฆใฏ็กๆ่ญไธใซใใใ่ฆ่ฆๆ
ๅ ฑๅฆ็้็จใฎ่งฃๆใซ่ฒข็ฎใใพใใ
ๆผซ็ถใจๆ
ๅ ฑใซ่งฆใใใฎใงใฏใชใใๆ
ๅ ฑใซๆณจๆใใใใใใใช่ชฒ้กใ่กใใใจใซใใฃใฆใใใๅน็็ใชๆฝๅจๅญฆ็ฟใ็ใใใจ่ใใใใพใใ
็กๆ่ญใฎใกใใปใผใธ
ใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใจใใ
ใๅปบๅใจๆฌ้ณใใใใฆใใใใใ
ใๆชๆฅ่จญๅฎใ้้ใฃใฆใใใใใ
ใใใใใชใใใใจใใ็บๆณใ้้ใฃใฆใใใใใ
ใ็ฎ็ใๆ็ขบใซใชใฃใฆใใชใใใใ
ใไป่ ใฎ่ฉไพกใงๆฑบใใใใจใใฆใใใใใ
ใใใชใใใใใชใไปไบใใใใฎใซใชใใ ใใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใจใใใพใใฏ็กๆ่ญใฎใกใใปใผใธใ็ฅใใใจใๅคงไบใ ใจ่จใใพใใ
ๅๅ ใฏใใพใใพใงใใ
ใๅ็ดใซ็ฒใใฆใใใใใใชใฉใๅฏใใฐๅ้ก่งฃๆฑบใใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใ
ใใใใใไฝใใจใซๅฏพใใฆใใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใใชใฉใ่กๅใ่ตทใใใชใๅ ดๅใฏใๆ นๅบใซใใใฎใฏ็กๆ่ญใฎใใฌใผใญใๅๅ ใใใใใพใใใ
ใใๆฐใ่ตทใใใใใใฆใๆฌๅฝใฎ่ชๅใ็ใใใใใซใฏใ้กๅจๆ่ญใๆฝๅจๆ่ญใใใใฆ็กๆ่ญใซใคใใฆ็ฅใใใใใใๆธใๆใใใฐใใฌใผใญใใฏใใใใใใใใพใใใ
ใใฌใผใญใฎๅๅ
ๆ่ญใฎๆทฑใใจใใใฎ่ชๅใฎๅฃฐใ่ใใฆใใพใใ๏ผ
ใใใใชใใใใจใฏๆใฃใฆใใใฎใซใ่กๅใซ็งปใใชใใใใใชใจใใฏใๅปบๅใจๆฌ้ณใใใใฆใใใใใใใพใใใ
ๆ่ญใฎๆง้ ใง่กจ้ขใซใใใฎใ้กๅจๆ่ญใงใใ
่ตทใใฆใใใจใใฏใใใฎ้กๅจๆ่ญใๆดป็บใซๆดปๅใใใใจใงใ็ๆงใๅชไฝใจใชใใ็ฉไบใๅคๆญใใใใไฝใใๆใใๆใใ่ช่ญใใพใใ
ใใฎไธใซใฏใ็กๆ่ญใใใใพใใ
ใใฎ็กๆ่ญใฎ้ ๅใฏใ่ตทใใฆใใใจใใซใฏใใพใๅผทใ่ช่ญใงใใพใใใ
ไธๆนใงใๅฏใฆใใใจใใฏใใใฎ็กๆ่ญใๆดป็บใซใชใฃใฆๅคขใชใฉใซใๅฝฑ้ฟใไธใใฆใใพใใ
ๆฌ้ณใจๅปบๅใง่จใใชใใฐใใใๆทฑใใซใใๆฝๅจๆ่ญใๆฌ้ณใงใ็พๅฎ็ๆดปใจๅฏ็ใใ้กๅจๆ่ญใๅปบๅใซใใใใพใใ
ใกใฟ็กๆ่ญ
ๆฝๅจๆ่ญใฎใใใซๆทฑๅฑคใซใใใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใซใคใใฆใงใใ
ใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใจใฏใ๏ฝใ่ถ ใใใใจใใๆๅณใงใๆฝๅจๆ่ญใ่ถ ใใๆ่ญใงใใ
ใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใฎๅฝนๅฒใฏ้่ฆใงใไบบ็ใซใใใใใพใใพใช็พๅฎใๅฝขใฅใใๅจใงใใใใพใใ
็ฉไบใซๅฏพใใ่ใๆนใๆ่ญใฎๆใกๆนใๆธใๆใใใจใใใใจใฏใ้กๅจๆ่ญใๆฝๅจๆ่ญใๆธใๆใใๆ็ต็ใซใฏใใฎใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใๆธใๆใใฆใ็พๅฎใๅคใใใใจใซใคใชใใใฎใงใใ
่ชๅใฎๆฌ้ณ๏ผๆฝๅจๆ่ญ๏ผใใใ่ฆณๅฏใใฆใฟใใจใใๆฌๅฝใฏไปใซใใใใใใจใใใใใจ้ทๅนดใใใฃใจๆใฃใฆใใใใใใฎใงใใ
ใใฎใใใซๅปบๅ๏ผ้กๅจๆ่ญ๏ผใจๆฌ้ณ๏ผๆฝๅจๆ่ญ๏ผใซใใใใใฃใฆ็ใใฆใใใจใใใชใใฎใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใฏใใๆฐใ่ตทใใใใชใใใใซๅใใใใฆใใๅปบๅใจๆฌ้ณใใใใฆใใใใใจใตใคใณใๅบใใฎใงใใ
ใใใงใใพใ่ชๅใฎๆฌ้ณ๏ผๆฝๅจๆ่ญ๏ผใใใฃใใใจ่ฆๆฅตใใๆฌ้ณใง็ใใใๆฌๅฝใฎ่ชๅใจใใฆ็ใใใซใฏใฉใใใใฐใใใฎใใ่ใใฆใใใฎใใใฎ้็ญใ็ซใฆใใใใซใใพใใใใ
ใใใฆใใใพใใใชใใใฐใใใชใใใจใใใใใใใใฐๆฌ้ณใง็ใใใใใใจใใ็ฎๆจใฎใใใฎในใใใใจใใฆ่ใใใฐใใใๆฐใใปใปใปใ
่ชๅใฎๆฌ้ณใๆฅใใใใ่ฆใคใใใใจใใใใฆใๆฌ้ณใ้ ใใ็ใใๆนๆณใ่ใใฆใใใพใใใใ
ใไปไบใใใชใใชใใชใใฆ่ฉไพกใไธใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใจใใซ้ใฃใฆใใใไปไบใซๅใใใใจใใฆใใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใชใใฆใใจใใใใพใใใใฎๅ ดๅใๆชๆฅ่จญๅฎใ้้ใฃใฆใใใใใใใพใใใ
ใ ใใใใ๏ฝใใใใจใใ้กๆ็ณปใงๆชๆฅใๆณใใพใใ
ๅฎใฏใใใซๅคงใใช้้ใใใใใพใใ
ไพใใฐใๅนธใใซใชใใใใใจๆชๆฅ่จญๅฎใใใจใใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใฏใใชใใฎ็พๅจใใใงใฏใไปใฏๅนธใใงใฏใชใใฎใ ใชใใจ่ช่ญใใใใจใซใชใใพใใ
ใใใฆใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใฏใๅนธใใงใฏใชใ็พๅฎใๅตใใใใฎ็ด ๆใ้ใใฆๆฅใใฎใงใใ
ใคใพใใๆชๆฅใธใฎๆณใใ้กๆๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใใใจ้ใซใใฌใผใญใใใใใจใใใใจใใใใ่ฆใใฆใใใฆใปใใใฎใงใใ
ใใใงใใกใใ่ณใฎ้ใ็ชใใฆใใๆชๆฅใ็งใฏๅนธใใ ใฃใใใจๆชๆฅ่จญๅฎใใพใใ
ใใใใใจใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใฏใใใใใชใใฐใไปใใฉใใฉใๅนธใใซใใชใใใฐใใใชใใใจ่ช่ญใใฆใใใชใใๅนธใใซใใ็พๅฎใ้ใๅงใใพใใ
ๅใใใใซใไปไบใใใชใใชใใชใใฆๆ้ฒใ่ฉไพกใใใใใใจ้กๆ็ณปใงๆณใฃใฆใใใจใใไปใฏไปไบใใงใใชใไบบใชใฎใ ใชใใจใใใๆฐใ่ตทใใใใชใ็พๅฎใ้ใพใฃใฆใใพใใฎใงใใ
้กๆ็ณปใฏ้ใซใใฌใผใญใใใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ
ใใใใใฏใๆใใใใใใงใฏใชใใใๆชๆฅใฎ็งใฏๆใใใฆใใใใจๆชๆฅ่จญๅฎใใใใจใงใๆใใใ็พๅฎใ้ใพใใใจใงใใ
ใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใจใใใคใใ ใใใใใใใญใฐใชใใชใใ
ๅฟตใใฆ่ช่บซใๅฅฎ่ตทใใใใใจใใใกใงใใ
ใใใใ๏ฝใญใฐใชใใชใใใ้ๅนๆใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใพใใ
ใ๏ฝใญใฐใปใปใปใใจๆใฃใฆใใ้ใฏใ่กๅใซ็งปใใพใใใ
ใใใชใใใจใใๆ่ญใๆนงใใฆใใใใใทใณใใซใซใใใใใใซๆธใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใใใใใฐใใใซ่กๅใซ็งปใใใฎใงใใ
ใชใใชใใไฝใใใใใใจๆใฃใใจใใใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใฏใใงใซ่ณใซๆไปคใๅบใใฆใใใชใใใใใใใใใใฎ่ไฝ็ใชๆบๅใฏใใงใซๆดใใฆใใพใใ
ใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใในใดใใฎใฏใใใชใใฎ่กๅใใในใฆไบๅใซไบๆธฌใใฆใใใฎๆบๅใ่ณใซใใใใจใใใใจใงใใ
ใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใฏใใใฐใใใชใใฎไธญใฎไบ็ฅ่ฝๅ่
ใงใใ
ใใจใฏ่กๅใใใ ใใชใฎใซใใใใซๅพ
ใฃใใใใใฆใใพใใฎใใใใใญใฐใชใใชใใใจใใๆ่ญใงใใ
่บซไฝใซๅฅฎ่ตทใใใใใจใใฆใใใใญใฐใชใใชใใใจๆ่ญใใฆใใใคใใใใใใคใฏ่บซไฝใซใใฌใผใญใใใใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใฎใงใใ
ใใใชใใใฐใชใใชใๅ ดๅใใใฏใใใชใใฎๆฌ้ณ๏ผๆฝๅจๆ่ญ๏ผใใใๆฌๅฝใฏใใใใใใใชใใใจๆตๆใใฆใใใใจใๅคใใจๆใใพใใ
ใใใใใใงใใฎใใจใ็ไปใใๅพใงใ่ชๅใฎๆฌ้ณใจๅใๅใฃใฆใฟใพใใใใ
ใใใใชใใใใฏใใ ใใใใใใฃใกใ
ใๅฃใซใใ่จ่ใ
ใใๆใฃใฆใใ้ใ่บซไฝใฏใใฃใจๅบใพใฃใฆใใพใใใญใ
ใใใใใฏใทใณใใซใซใใใใใใใใใจ่ชๅใซๅใใใใฆใใใพใใใใ
ไฝใ่กๅใใใจใใๆ็ต็ฎ็ใ้ๆใใใใจใซๅใณใๆใใ็ฎ็ๅบๆบใใฟใผใณใจใๆฅฝใใใใฏใฏใฏใฏๆใๅ ๅฎๆใๅฎๅฟๆใชใฉใซๅใณใๅพใไฝ้จๅบๆบใใฟใผใณใใใใพใใ
ๆ่ญใๅใใฆใใ็ฆ็นใงๆฏในใใจใ็ฎ็ๅบๆบใใฟใผใณใฎๅ ดๅใฏใใใฎ่กๅใฎ็ตๆใจใใใซใใฎๅ
ใซใใๆ็ต็ฎ็ใซๅใฃใฆใใพใใ
ไธๆนใงไฝ้จๅบๆบใฏใ่กๅใฎ้็จใใใใซๆฅฝใใใๅฆใใจใใใ็ฎ็ใซๅฐ้ใใใใใๅใฎๆฎต้ใซๅใฃใฆใใใใใงใใ
ใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใจใใใจใใๅคใใฎๅ ดๅใใใชใใฎๆ่ญใฏใใชใใฎใใใซใใใใใใฎใ๏ผ๏ผใใจใใใ่กๅใซๅฏพใใฆใฎๆ็ขบใชๆ็ต็ฎ็ใๆฌฒใใใฃใฆใใพใใ
ใฏใฏใฏใฏใใใใใจใใใใจ่ชไฝใ้้ใใชใฎใงใฏใใใพใใใ
ใใฎๆ่ฆใ้่ฆใใใใใฐใใใฎไฝๆฅญใใฉใใใใฐใฏใฏใฏใฏใใชใใใๆ็ต็ฎ็ใฎใใใซๆใ้ใใใใใใใจ่ใใใฐใใใฎใงใใ
ๅคงๅใชใฎใฏใใพใใๆ็ต็ฎ็ใใคใใใใใฎๆฌกใซใฏใฏใฏใฏใใๆนๆณใ่ใใใจใใใใจใๆๅ่
ใฏ็ฎ็ๅบๆบใฎๆ่ญใฎๆใกๆนใใใพใใ
็งใใกใฎ่ณใฏใดใผใซใๆฌฒใใใ
ไฝใฎใใใซใใใฎใใใจใใ็ฎ็ๆ่ญใใใใจ่ณใฏๅใใฆใใใพใใ
็ฎ็ใใชใใจใใ็ก้งใชใใจใฏใใพใใใใจใฐใใใซใใใๆฐใไธใใฆใใใชใใฎใงใใ
่ณใซใจใฃใฆใ็ฎ็ใฏ้่ฆใชๆกไปถใงใใฎใงใ็ฎ็ๆ่ญใใใฃใใใจๆใคใใใซใใฆใใใพใใใใ
ใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใจใใ้ใใใฎใใใใจใใฆใใใใจใซๅฏพใใฆใ่ชฐใใฎใใใ ใฃใใใใใใใใใฆใใใใจใใๆ่ญใใใฃใใใใฆใใพใใใ๏ผ
ใใจใใฐใๅคใใฎไบบใซๅใใงใใใใใใใจใใใใจใไปไบใฎใขใใใผใทใงใณใซใใฆใใพใใใใใไป่
ๅบๆบใจใใๆ่ญใฎๆใกๆนใงใใ
่ชๅใฎ่กๅใใใพใใใฃใฆใใใใฉใใใใไป่
ใฎ่ฉไพกใงๆฑบใใใใจใใพใใ
ใใใฆใไป่
ใฎใใใซไฝใใใใจใใ็บๆณใๅผทใใฎใงใใ
ใใกใใใไป่
ใฎใใใซไฝใใใใฎใฏๆชใใใจใงใฏใใใพใใใ
ใงใใใใใฐใใใงใฏใ่ชไฟกใซใคใชใใ่ชๅทฑๆฑบๅฎๆใๅพใใใชใใใใ้ทใไปไบใ็ถใใใฎใฏๅฐ้ฃใซใใชใใพใใ
ไธๆนใง่ชๅๅบๆบใจใใๆ่ญใฎๆใกๆนใฏใ่ชๅใฎ่กๅใใใพใใใฃใฆใใใๅฆใใ่ชๅใง่ใใฆๅคๆญใใพใใ
่ชๅทฑๆฑบๅฎๆใๅพใใใใใใ่ชไฟกใซใๆบใกใใตใใฆใใใพใใ
ใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใจใใใจใใฏใไป่
ๅบๆบใฎๆ่ญใซใชใฃใฆใใพใฃใฆใใใจใใงใใ
ใชใใชใไป่
ใฎ่ฉไพกใชใฉใ่ฆใใซใใใใฎใ ใใใงใใ
ใใฎใใใใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใชใใพใใ
ใใใง่ชๅๅบๆบใฎๆ่ญใซๆธใๆใใฆใใไป่
ใใฉใ่ฉไพกใใใใจใใใใใใใใจใ่ชๅใซใจใฃใฆใฏๆๅณใใใใ่ชไฟกใซใคใชใใใใจ่ชๅใงๅคๆญใใฆ่กๅใซ็งปใใฐใใใฎใงใใ
่ชๅๅบๆบใง็ฉไบใๆ่ญใใใจใใใใใใฆใใใใจใใ็บๆณใซใใคใชใใใพใใใฎใงใ่ช็ถใจใใๆฐใๆนงใใฆๆฅใพใใ
ไฝไบใซๅฏพใใฆใ่ชๅใฎๆๅฟใใใฃใใใจๅๆ ใใใใใจใๅคงไบใใจใใใใจใงใใญใ
ใใๆฐใ่ตทใใชใใจใใ็งใใกใฎๆ่ญใฎๆทฑใใจใใใใใใพใใพใชใกใใปใผใธใๅบใฆใใฆใๆญฃใใๆ่ญใฎๆใกๆนใใใใใๆใใฆใใใฆใใใฎใงใใ
่ชๅใฎ่ช่ญใฎใฏใปใฏ่ช่ฆใใซใใใใฎใงใใใใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใๆธใๆใใใใจใใงใใใฐใ็ๆณใฎ่ชๅใซ่ฟใฅใใใฒใใฆใฏ่ชๅใฎๅฝ้ใใๅคใใใใใจใใใใจใงใใปใปใป๐๐๐
๐ใกใฟ็กๆ่ญใฏ็กๆ่ญใฎใฏใปใ่ช็ฅใใใใจใงใใใปใปใป๐๐๐
ไปๅใฏ็กๆ่ญใฎๅใใๅดใๅฐใๅใใใพใใใญ๏ผ๐๐๐
่ณใซ่ฏใๆผขๅญใ
ใ็ข
ใป้ณฅใโใใใ
ใๅใ
ใปๅใ๏ผใใใ๏ผใ๐ฒใ๏ผ๐ฒใฏๆผขๅญ1ๆๅญ๏ผ
็ญใใฏใๆฌกๅใฎใณใผใใผใง
ๆจๆฅใฎ็ญใใฏใณใกใณใๆฌใง
ใจใพใจใใใใใ๐
๐
๐
่งฃ่ชฌใใฆใใใ ใใฆใใใพใ
ๆๅพใซ่ณใ้ใใใชใใใใไธ็บ๏ผ
ใป่ณใฎ็บใซๅบๆฅใใใจ
ใ็กๆ่ญใใจใใใพใใฆใใๆข ้จๆใ
ใจใจใใพใใ
ใใฎๅฟใฏใ
ใใฉใกใใใ้ธๆ๏ผๆดๆฟฏ๏ผใๆฐใซใชใใพใใปใปใปใ
ๆดใฃใฆใใพใใใใใใใใ๐ฆด๐๐๐